As an example of a step function, we will use the floor function floor(x) that takes a real number x and returns the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Coding the floor function in R:
# creating the floor function f(x)
f = function(x) {
floor(x)
}
# specifying the domain of f(x)
x = seq(-5, 5, length.out = 100) # x contains 100 points between -5 and 5
Plotting in base R
# plotting f(x) plot(x, f(x), type = 's') # 's' for stairs plot
Output:
We can add the data points to the plot with the following code:
# adding points to the plot points(x, f(x), pch = 18) # pch specifies the shape of the points
Output:
Another option would be to plot the points only:
plot(x, f(x), type = 'p', pch = 15) # 'p' for points plot
Output:
Plotting using ggplot2
library(ggplot2) # creating a data frame that contains x and f(x) dat = data.frame(x = x, y = f(x)) p = ggplot(dat, aes(x = x, y = y)) + geom_step() # geom_step creates a stairs plot p
Output:
We can add the data points using the following code:
# adding points to the plot p + geom_point()
Output:
